Membedakan Gangguan Kepribadian Narsisistik dengan Gangguan Bipolar

Oleh :

dr.Tommy Raharja, Sp.KJ

Membedakan gangguan kepribadian narsisistik dan gangguan bipolar penting karena pendekatan terapi dari keduanya sangat berbeda. Meskipun keduanya dapat menunjukkan perilaku impulsif, perbedaan mendasar terletak pada sifat dari gangguan tersebut.

Gangguan kepribadian narsisistik ditandai oleh pola perilaku yang melibatkan kebutuhan akan pengakuan yang berlebihan, kurangnya empati, dan rasa superioritas yang tidak realistis. Sementara itu, gangguan bipolar adalah gangguan mood yang melibatkan perubahan antara episode manik yang ditandai oleh tingkat energi tinggi, impulsivitas, dan euforia, dengan episode depresi yang ditandai oleh perasaan sedih, kelelahan, dan kurang minat.[1-4]

Kesulitan dalam Diagnosis Gangguan Kepribadian Narsisistik dan Gangguan Bipolar

(Konten ini khusus untuk dokter. Registrasi untuk baca selengkapnya)

Referensi

1. Nagel MG, Marcus DK, Zeigler-Hill V. Bipolar disorders and narcissism: Diagnostic concerns, conceptual commonalities and potential antecedents. Clin Psychol Psychother. 2023 Mar;30(2):235-249. doi: 10.1002/cpp.2796.
2. Jain A, Mitra P. Bipolar Disorder.. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK558998/
3. Carbone EA, de Filippis R, Caroleo M, Calabrò G, Staltari FA, Destefano L, Gaetano R, Steardo L Jr, De Fazio P. Antisocial Personality Disorder in Bipolar Disorder: A Systematic Review. Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Feb 20;57(2):183. doi: 10.3390/medicina57020183.
4. Coleman SRM, Oliver AC, Klemperer EM, DeSarno MJ, Atwood GS, Higgins ST. Delay discounting and narcissism: A meta-analysis with implications for narcissistic personality disorder. Personal Disord. 2022 May;13(3):210-220. doi: 10.1037/per0000528.
5. Brieler JA, Keegan-Garrett E. Diagnosis and Treatment of Bipolar Illness in the Primary Care Office. Mo Med. 2022 May-Jun;119(3):213-218.
6. Huang H, Nissen N, Lim CT, Gören JL, Spottswood M, Huang H. Treating Bipolar Disorder in Primary Care: Diagnosis, Pharmacology, and Management. Int J Gen Med. 2022 Nov 23;15:8299-8314. doi: 10.2147/IJGM.S386875.
7. Mitra P, Fluyau D. Narcissistic Personality Disorder.. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556001/
8. Watson D, Ellickson-Larew S, Stanton K, Levin-Aspenson HF, Khoo S. Examining the Criterion Validity and Diagnostic Specificity of Self-Report Measures of Narcissism and Mania. Assessment. 2021 Jan;28(1):3-14. doi: 10.1177/1073191120918012.
9. Day NJS, Townsend ML, Grenyer BFS. Living with pathological narcissism: a qualitative study. Borderline Personal Disord Emot Dysregul. 2020 Aug 14;7(1):19. doi: 10.1186/s40479-020-00132-8.
10. Li C, Fu P, Wang M, Xia Y, Hu C, Liu M, Zhang H, Sheng X, Yang Y. The role of self-esteem and emotion regulation in the associations between childhood trauma and mental health in adulthood: a moderated mediation model. BMC Psychiatry. 2023 Apr 11;23(1):241. doi: 10.1186/s12888-023-04719-7.
11. Vilca-Pareja V, Luque Ruiz de Somocurcio A, Delgado-Morales R, Medina Zeballos L. Emotional Intelligence, Resilience, and Self-Esteem as Predictors of Satisfaction with Life in University Students. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 9;19(24):16548. doi: 10.3390/ijerph192416548.
12. Goes FS. Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders. BMJ. 2023 Apr 12;381:e073591. doi: 10.1136/bmj-2022-073591.
13. Grandjean L, Hummel J, Wyer D, Beuchat H, Caspar F, Sachse R, Berger T, Kramer U. Psychotherapeutic case formulation: Plan analysis for narcissistic personality disorder. Personal Ment Health. 2021 Nov;15(4):309-316. doi: 10.1002/pmh.1521.
14. Zalman H, Doorn KA, Eubanks CF. Alliance challenges in the treatment of a narcissistic patient: the case of Alex. Res Psychother. 2019 Jul 30;22(2):351. doi: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.351
15. Weinberg I, Ronningstam E. Narcissistic Personality Disorder: Progress in Understanding and Treatment. Focus (Am Psychiatr Publ). 2022 Oct;20(4):368-377. doi: 10.1176/appi.focus.20220052.