1. Ylitalo AW. Digital rectal examination. 2017. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948001-overview
2. Walsh AL, Considine SW, Thomas AZ, Lynch TH, Manecksha RP. Digital rectal examination in primary care is important for early detection of prostate cancer: a retrospective cohort analysis study. Br J Gen Pract. 2014;64(629):e783-e878.
3. Heetun MA, Allin M, Wijeyekoon S, Stanton M. Performing a digital rectal examination: indications and examination. British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2018;79(2):C18-C21. doi:10.12968/hmed.2018.79.2.c18
4. Heetun MA, Allin M, Wijeyekoon S, Stanton M. Performing a digital rectal examination: considerations and interpretation. British Journal of Hospital Medicine. 2018;79(2):C22-C26.
5. Pokorny CS. Digital rectal examination: indications and techniques. The Medical Journal of Australia. 2017; 207(4):147-148.
6. Abdussalam A, Kasi A. Rectal exam. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537356/
7. Romero FR, Romero AW, Filho RT, Filho TB, de Oliveira Junior FC. Patient positioning during rectal examination of the prostate: preferences, tolerability, and results. Int Braz J Urol. 2011;37(3):371-379.
8. Rao SSC, Meduri K. What is necessary to diagnose constipation? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2011;25(1):127-140.
9. Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia and Cancer Council Australia PSA Testing Guidelines Expert Advisory Panel. Clinical practice guidelines PSA Testing and Early Management of Test-Detected Prostate Cancer. Sydney: Cancer Council Australia.
10. Halpern JA, Oromendia C, Shoag JE, Mittal S, Cosiano MF, Ballman KV, et al. Use of digital rectal examination as an adjunct to prostate specific antigen in the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer. J Urol. 2018;199(4):947-953.
11. Clinico-pathological correlation of digital rectal examination findings among Nigerian men with prostatic diseases: A prospective study of 236 cases. Niger J Surg. 2013;19(1):26-31.
12. Mounsey AL, Halladay J, Sadiq TS. Hemorrhoids. Am Fam Physician. 2011;15;84(2):204-210.
13. Tantiphlachiva K, Rao P, Attaluri A, Rao SSC. Digital rectal examination is a useful tool for identifying patients with dyssynergia. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2010;8(11):955-960.
14. Kessler C, Bauer SJ. Utility of the digital rectal examination in the emergency department: a review. The Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2012;43(6):1196-1204. https://www.bumc.bu.edu/emergencymedicine/files/2018/05/Utility-of-the-Digital-Rectal-Examination-in-the-Emergency-Department-review.pdf
15. Shrestha MP, Borgstrom M, Trowers E. Digital rectal examination reduces hospital admissions, endoscopies, and medical therapy in patients with acute gastrointestinal bleeding. The American Journal of Medicine. 2017;130(7):819-825.
16. Lodh B, Sinam RS, Singh KA. Digital rectal examination of benign prostatic hyperplasia: Where does it stand today? 2016;21(1):40-45.
17. Nickson C. Digital rectal exam (DRE) in trauma. 2019. https://litfl.com/digital-rectal-exam-dre-in-trauma/
18. Ahl R, Riddez L, Mohseni S. Digital rectal examination for initial assessment of the multi-injured patient: Can we depend on it? Ann Med Surg (Lond). 2016;9:77-81.