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Diagnosis Angina Pektoris
Diagnosis angina pektoris diawali dengan keluhan nyeri di area dada yang nantinya akan dikonfirmasi dengan hasil dari pemeriksaan penunjang. Pemeriksaan yang dilakukan meliputi laboratorium, elektrokardiografi (EKG), dan radiologi termasuk angiografi koroner.[1-6]
Anamnesis
Pasien angina pektoris memiliki gejala nyeri dada yang bervariasi, baik intensitas, frekuensi, dan kualitas nyeri. Dokter harus mengevaluasi nyeri dada yang dirasakan oleh pasien melalui anamnesis.[1-3,5]
Referensi
1. Ford T J, Berry C. Angina: contemporary diagnosis and management. Heart. 2020;106:387–398 DOI:10.1136/heartjnl-2018-314661
2. Gulati M, Levy P D, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 2021;144:e368–e454 DOI: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000001029
3. Nakano S, Kohsaka S, et al. JCS 2022 Guideline Focused Update on Diagnosis and Treatment in Patients With Stable Coronary Artery Disease. Circulation Journal. 2022;0:1-34 DOI:10.1253/circj.CJ-21-1041
4. Ford T J, Corcoran D, Berry C. Stable coronary syndromes: pathophysiology, diagnostic advances and therapeutic need. Heart. 2018;104:284–292
5. Bolatkale M, Acara AC. A Novel Index for Prompt Prediction of Severity in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris. Emergency Medicine International. 2020;7651610:1-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7651610
6. Thomsett R, Cullen L. The assessment and management of chest pain in primary care A focus on acute coronary syndrome. AJGP. 2018;47(5):246-251
7. Levy BI, Heusch G, Camici PG. The many faces of myocardial ischaemia and angina. Cardiovascular Research. 2019;115:1460–1470 DOI:10.1093/cvr/cvz160
8. Aydin F, Aksit E, et al. Chest pain score: a novel and practical approach to angina pectoris. A diagnostic accuracy study. Sao Paulo Med J. 2019;137(1):54-9 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2018.0238101218
9. Alaeddini J. Angina Pectoris. Medscape. 2018. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/150215-overview#a3
10. Tamargo J, Lopez-Sendon J. Ranolazine: a better understanding of its pathophysiology and patient profile to guide treatment of chronic stable angina. Future Cardiol. 2022;18(3):235–251
11. Hermiz C, Sedhai YR. Angina. StatPearls. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557672/
12. The British Journal of Cardiology. Epidemiology Angina. BJC. 2020. https://bjcardio.co.uk/2020/04/angina-module-1-epidemiology-2/
13. Malta DC, Pinheiro PC, et al. Prevalence of Angina Pectoris and Associated Factors in the Adult Population of Brazil: National Survey of Health, 2019. REV BRAS EPIDEMIOL. 2021;24:E210012.SUPL.2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720210012.supl.2
14. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts. CDC. 2022. https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
15. Diputra MDR, Wita IW, Aryadana W. Karakteristik Penderita Sindroma Koroner Akut di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar Tahun 2016. E-Jurnal Medika. 2018;7(10):1-10
16. Suling FRW, Patricia MI, Suling TE. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Sindrom Koroner Akut di Rumah Sakit Umum Universitas Kristen Indonesia. Majalah Kedokteran UKI. 2018;34(3):110-114
17. Dancy L, et al. New NICE guidelines for the management of stable angina. British Journal of General Practice 2018;68:202–203 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp18X695693
18. Knuuti J, Wijns W, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes. European Heart Journal. 2020;41:407-477 DOI:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz425
19. Spangler S. Acute Pericarditis. Medscape. 2019. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/156951-overview
20. El-Nakeep S. Acute Gastritis. Medscape. 2023. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/175909-overview
21. Levy D, Goyal A, et al. Aortic Dissection. StatPearls. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK441963/
22. Rousan T A, Thadani U. Stable Angina Medical Therapy Management Guidelines: A Critical Review of Guidelines from the European Society of Cardiology and National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. European Cardiology Review 2019;14(1):18–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2018.26.1
23. Gulati M, Joglar Jose A, et al. 2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY. 2021;78(22):e187 – e285
24. Roberto M, Verdoia M, et al. Angina in 2022: Current Perspectives. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2022;11(6891):1-19 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11236891
25. Sinha A, et al. Vasospastic Angina: A Contemporary Review of its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management. Heart International. 2022;16(2):99–104
26. Salokari E, Laukkanen J A, et al. The Duke treadmill score with bicycle ergometer: Exercise capacity is the most important predictor of cardiovascular mortality. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. 2019;26(2):199–207
27. Yanqiao L, Shen L, et al. Comparison of GRACE and TIMI risk scores in the prediction of in-hospital and long-term outcomes among East Asian non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders. 2022;22(4):1-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12872-021-02311-z
28. Spoletini I, et al. Living with stable angina: patients’ pathway and needs in angina. J Cardiovasc Med. 2020;21:377–382
29. Parys A V, Karlssson T, et al. Food Sources Contributing to Intake of Choline and Individual Choline Forms in a Norwegian Cohort of Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Front. Nutr. 2021;8(676026):1-8 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.676026
30. Matre A O, Parys A V, et al. The Association of Meat Intake With All-Cause Mortality and Acute Myocardial Infarction Is Age-Dependent in Patients With Stable Angina Pectoris. Front. Nutr. 2021;8(642612):1-10 DOI:10.3389/fnut.2021.642612
31. Diercks D, Boghos E, et al. Changes in the Numeric Descriptive Scale for Pain After Sublingual Nitroglycerin Do Not Predict Cardiac Etiology of Chest Pain. Ann Emerg Med. 2005;45(6):P581-5.
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