Diagnosis Insufisiensi Vena Kronik

Oleh :

Alexandra Francesca Chandra

Diagnosis insufisiensi vena kronik perlu dipikirkan pada pasien dengan keluhan edema dan perubahan kulit, seperti hiperpigmentasi, ekzema, atrophie blanche, lipodermatosklerosis, hingga ulkus vena terutama pada tungkai bawah.[1,2,4]

Anamnesis

Pasien dengan insufisiensi vena kronik umumnya melaporkan keluhan rasa berat, pegal, atau nyeri tumpul pada tungkai yang memburuk setelah berdiri atau duduk lama dan membaik dengan elevasi tungkai. Gejala lain yang sering muncul termasuk edema yang meningkat sepanjang hari, sensasi terbakar atau kram nokturnal, serta riwayat varises atau episode trombosis vena sebelumnya.

Referensi

1. Azar J, Rao A, Oropallo A. Chronic venous insufficiency: a comprehensive review of management. J Wound Care. 2022 Jun 2;31(6):510-519. doi: 10.12968/jowc.2022.31.6.510.
2. Weiss, R. Venous Insufficiency. 2024. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1085412-overview
4. De Maeseneer MG, Kakkos SK, Aherne T, et al. Editor's Choice - European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2022 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Limbs. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 2022 Feb;63(2):184-267. doi: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2021.12.024.
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8. Attaran RR, Carr JG. Chronic Venous Disease of the Lower Extremities: A State-of-the Art Review. J Soc Cardiovasc Angiogr Interv. 2022 Nov 26;2(1):100538. doi: 10.1016/j.jscai.2022.100538.
9. Santler, B. and T. Goerge, Chronic venous insufficiency–a review of pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. JDDG: Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft, 2017. 15(5): p. 538-556. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/ddg.13242
10. McClary KN, Massey P. Ankle Brachial Index. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK544226/
11. Aboyans V, Criqui MH, Abraham P, et al. Measurement and Interpretation of the Ankle-Brachial Index: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation, 2012. 126(24): 2890–2909. doi:10.1161/cir.0b013e318276fbcb
12. Bhatt M, Braun C, Patel P, et al. Diagnosis of deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremity: a systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy. Blood Adv. 2020 Apr 14;4(7):1250-1264. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000960.
13. Kitayama S. Diagnosis and Treatments of Limb Lymphedema: Review. Ann Vasc Dis. 2024 Jun 25;17(2):114-119. doi: 10.3400/avd.ra.24-00011.
14. Mortada H, Alhithlool AW, AlBattal NZ, Shetty RK, Al-Mekhlafi GA, Hong JP, Alshomer F. Lipedema: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management. Arch Plast Surg. 2025 May 15;52(3):185-196. doi: 10.1055/a-2530-5875.
15. McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, et al; ESC Scientific Document Group. 2021 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J. 2021 Sep 21;42(36):3599-3726. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab368.
16. Goldin J, Juergens AL. Filariasis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556012/
17. McKeown B. A review of the stages of venous insufficiency and clinical decision-making: a functional perspective for PT, OT and non-vascular clinicians. Journal of Lymphoedema, 2025. Vol 20, No 1. https://woundsinternational.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/09/JOL-20-1_55-57_McKEOWN.pdf

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