Kontraindikasi dan Peringatan Allopurinol

Oleh :

dr.Bianda Dwida Pramudita MSc

Kontraindikasi obat allopurinol adalah hipersensitivitas. Peringatan obat allopurinol adalah penggunaan harus dihentikan segera setelah muncul reaksi alergi, seperti ruam. Allopurinol dikontraindikasikan pada pasien dengan varian genetik human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B*5801. Varian ini dilaporkan banyak ditemukan pada orang yang berasal dari Cina, Thailand, dan Korea.[6,17,20-22]

Kontraindikasi

Allopurinol dikontraindikasikan pada pasien dengan hipersensitivitas terhadap obat ini atau komponen lain dari sediaan.[4]

Referensi

1. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 135401907: Allopurinol. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US); 2025. https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Allopurinol
4. FDA. Highlights of prescribing information: Zyloprim. 2018. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2018/016084s044lbl.pdf
6. FDA. Drugs@FDA: FDA-Approved Drugs. 2025. https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/daf/
12. Goicoechea M, Vinuesa SG de, Verdalles U, Verde E, Macias N, Santos A, et al. Allopurinol and Progression of CKD and Cardiovascular Events: Long-term Follow-up of a Randomized Clinical Trial. American Journal of Kidney Diseases 2015;65:543–9. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.11.016.
13. Ghane Sharbaf F, Assadi F. Effect of allopurinol on the glomerular filtration rate of children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2018;33:1405–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-018-3943-1.
14. Vargas-Santos AB, Peloquin CE, Zhang Y, Neogi T. Association of Chronic Kidney Disease With Allopurinol Use in Gout Treatment. JAMA Intern Med 2018;178:1526–33. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.4463.
15. Badve SV, Pascoe EM, Tiku A, Boudville N, Brown FG, Cass A, et al. Effects of Allopurinol on the Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease. New England Journal of Medicine 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1915833.
16. Borghi C, Perez-Ruiz F. Urate lowering therapies in the treatment of gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2016 Mar;20(5):983-92. PMID: 27010159.
17. Allopurinol: Drug Information. Lexocomp Inc. 2022.
20. Hung SI, Chung WH, Liou LB, et al. HLA-B*5801 allele as a genetic marker for severe cutaneous adverse reactions caused by allopurinol. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2005 Mar 15;102(11):4134-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0409500102. PMID: 15743917; PMCID: PMC554812.
21. Tassaneeyakul W, Jantararoungtong T, Chen P, et al. Strong association between HLA-B*5801 and allopurinol-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis in a Thai population. Pharmacogenet Genomics. 2009 Sep;19(9):704-9. doi: 10.1097/FPC.0b013e328330a3b8. PMID: 19696695.
22. Pharmacogenet Genomics 2009; 19:704.Cao ZH, Wei ZY, Zhu QY, et al. HLA-B*58:01 allele is associated with augmented risk for both mild and severe cutaneous adverse reactions induced by allopurinol in Han Chinese. Pharmacogenomics 2012; 13:1193.

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