Penatalaksanaan Obesitas

Oleh :

dr.Gloscindy Arma Occifa

Penatalaksanaan utama pada obesitas meliputi modifikasi gaya hidup, terapi medikamentosa, dan pembedahan jika diperlukan. Selain menurunkan berat badan, dokter juga perlu mengidentifikasi dan mengatasi kondisi yang mendasari timbulnya obesitas.[4-5,23,29,37]

Modifikasi Gaya Hidup

Modifikasi gaya hidup diterapkan pada seluruh pasien dengan obesitas. Tujuan awal adalah menurunkan berat badan 5-10% dalam 6 bulan pertama. Upaya modifikasi gaya hidup meliputi pengaturan pola makan, aktivitas fisik, dan modifikasi perilaku.[4-5,23]

Referensi

4. Gadde KM, Martin CK, Berthoud HR, Heymsfield SB. Obesity: Pathophysiology and management. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2018;71(1):69-84. Doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.011.
5. American Diabetes Association Professional Practice Committee. Obesity and weight management for the prevention and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: Standards of medical care in Diabetes-2022. Diabetes Care. 2022;45(Suppl. 1):S113-S124. Doi: 10.2337/dc22-S008.
6. Lin X, Li H. Obesity: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and therapeutics. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2021;12:1-9. Doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.706978.
17. Wharton S, Raiber L, Serodio KJ, Lee J, Christensen RAG. Medications that cause weight gain and alternatives in Canada: A narrative review. Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy. 2018;11:427-438. Doi: 10.2147/DMSO.S171365.
23. Aktar N, Qureshi NK, Ferdous HS. Obesity: A review of pathogenesis and management strategies in adult. Delta Medical College Journal. 2017;5(1):35-48. Doi: 10.3329/dmcj.v5i1.31436.
29. Panuganti KK, Nguyen M, Kshirsagar RK. Obesity. [Updated 2022 May 2]. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459357/
37. Heymsfield SB, Wadden TA. Mechanisms, pathophysiology, and management of obesity. The New England Journal of Medicine. 2017;376:254-266.
38. Hwalla N, Jaafar Z. Dietary management of obesity: A review of the evidence. Diagnnostics. 2021;11(1):24-44. Doi: 10.3390/dianostics11010024.
39. Chopra S, Malhotra A, Ranjan P, Vikram NK, SIngh N. Lifestyle-related advice in the management of obesity: A step-wise approach. Journal of Education and Health Promotion. 2020;9:239-246. Doi: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_216_20.
40. Koliaki C, Spinos T, Spinou M, Brinia ME, Mitsopoulou D, Katsilambros N. Defining the optimal dietary approach for safe, effective and sustainable weight loss in overweight and obese adults. Healthcare. 2018;6(3):73-83. Doi: 10.3390/healthcare6030073.
41. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Panduan pelaksanaan gerakan tekan angka obesitas (Gentas). 2017. www.p2ptm.kemkes.go.id.
42. Oppert JM, Bellicha A, van Baak MA, Battista F, Beaulieu K, Blundell JE, et al. Exercise training in the management of overweight and obesity in adults: Synthesis of the evidence and recommendations from the Europen Association for the Study of Obesity Physical Activity Working Group. Obesity Reviews. 2021;22(S4):1-12. Doi: 10.1111/obr.13273.
43. Tchang BG, Aras M, Kumar RB, et al. Pharmacologic Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults. [Updated 2021 Aug 2]. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2000-. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK279038/
44. Son JW, Kim S. Comprehensive review of current and upcoming anti-obesity drugs. Diabetes & Metabolism Journal. 2020;44:802-818. Doi: 1.4093/dmj.2020.0258.
45. Seo MH, Lee WY, Kim SS, Kang JH, Kang JH, Kim KK, et al. 2018 Korean Society for the Study of Obesity guideline for the management of obesity in Korea. Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome. 2019;28:40-45. Doi: 10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.40.
46. Lee PC, Dixon J. Pharmacotherapy for obesity. Australian Family Physician. 2017;46(7):472-477.
47. Giruzzi N. Plenity (oral superabsorbent hydrogel). Clinical Diabetes. 2020;38(3):313-314. Doi: 10.2337/cd20-0032.
48. Dilektasli E, Demir B. Definition and current indications for obesity and metabolic surgery. Annals of Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Surgery. 2021;6:8-19. Doi: 10.21037/ales-20-52.
52. Chao AM, Tronieri JS, Amaro A, Wadden TA. Semaglutide for the treatment of obesity. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2023 Apr;33(3):159-166. doi: 10.1016/j.tcm.2021.12.008

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