Etiologi Ventricular Extrasystole

Oleh :

dr. Queen Sugih Ariyani

Etiologi ventricular extrasystole (VES) dapat berasal dari kardiak dan nonkardiak. Penyebab kardiak atau kondisi jantung di antaranya infark miokard akut, kardiomiopati, dan miokarditis. Sementara, penyebab nonkardiak misalnya gangguan elektrolit dan penggunaan obat-obatan, seperti digoksin.[2-4]

Etiologi Kardiak pada Ventricular Extrasystole

Penyebab kardiak dari ventricular extrasystole (VES) meliputi:

Referensi

1. Manulis AS, Calkins H, Downey BC. Premature ventricular complexes: Clinical presentation and diagnostic evaluation. 2020. Uptodate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/premature-ventricular-complexes-clinical-presentation-and-diagnostic-evaluation#H17
2. Dave J. Premature Ventricular Complexes. 2016. Medscape. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/158939-overview#a5
3. Marcus GM. Evaluation and Management of Premature Ventricular Complexes. Circulation. 2020;141:1404–1418. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042434
4. Al-Katib SM, Stevenson WG, et al. 2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death. Circulation. 2018;138:e272–e391. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000549
5. Hoogendijk MG, Geczy T, et al. Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Premature Ventricular Complexes. Front. Physiol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2020.00406
6. Cronin EM, Bogun FM, et al. 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias. J Interv Card Electrophysiol. 2020;1-154. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7223859/#CR79
7. Farzam K, Richards JR. Premature Ventricular Contraction (PVC). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532991/
8. Rotz MV, Aeschbacher S, Bossard M, et al. Risk factors for premature ventricular contractions in young and healthy adults. Heart. 2017;103(9):702-707. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK532991/
9. Kerola T, Dewland TA, Vittinghoff E, Heckbert SR, Stein PK, Marcus GM. Modifiable predictors of ventricular ectopy in the community.J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7:e010078. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/JAHA.118.010078
10. Corrado D, Drezner JA, et al. How to evaluate premature ventricular beats in the athlete: critical review and proposal of a diagnostic algorithm. Br J Sports Med. 2020 Oct;54(19):1142-1148. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-100529. Epub 2019 Sep 3. PMID: 31481389; PMCID: PMC7513269.

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Etiologi Ventricular Extrasystole

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