Etiologi Galactorrhea

Oleh :

dr. Felicia

Etiologi galactorrhea disebabkan oleh berbagai hal, dan seringkali berhubungan dengan hiperprolaktinemia. Namun, pada keadaan tertentu, galactorrhea dapat terjadi dengan kadar prolaktin yang normal.[6,7]

Etiologi

Etiologi galactorrhea dapat disebabkan oleh hiperprolaktinemia maupun normoprolaktinemia. Berdasarkan manifestasi klinisnya, galactorrhea yang disebabkan oleh keadaan hiperprolaktinemia dan normoprolaktinemia dapat dibedakan. Galactorrhea dengan manifestasi gangguan siklus menstruasi dan amenorea, etiologi yang mendasarinya adalah hiperprolaktinemia. Namun, apabila siklus menstruasi dan ovulasi normal, maka kemungkinan besar kadar prolaktin normal.[6]

Referensi

3. Vilar L, Abucham J, Albuquerque JL, Araujo LA, Azevedo MF, Boguszewski CL, et al. Controversial issues in the management of hyperprolactinemia and prolactinomas – An overview by the Neuroendocrinology Department of the Brazilian Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2018 Mar;62(2):236–63.
6. Uy EM, Asadipooya K. A case of normoprolactinemic galactorrhea following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Case Rep Intern Med. 2018 Dec 6;6(1):8.
7. Pitale DL. Effectiveness of Cabergoline therapy in hyperprolactinemic infertility. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2019 May 28;8(6):2389.
14. Sindi ST, Al-Agha AE. Galactorrhea in 15 year old adolescent female: A case report. Curr Pediatr Res. 2018;22(2). https://www.alliedacademies.org/abstract/galactorrhea-in-15-year-old-adolescent-female-a-case-report-10107.html
15. Jane JA, Catalino MP, Laws ER. Surgical Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas. In: Feingold KR, Anawalt B, Boyce A, Chrousos G, Dungan K, Grossman A, et al., editors. Endotext. South Dartmouth (MA): MDText.com, Inc.; 2019. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278983/
16. Abdulla MC. Galactorrhea and reversible pituitary hyperplasia in primary hypothyroidism. Thyroid Res Pract. 2018 May 1;15(2):94.
17. Navy H, Gardner K. Strategies for managing medication-induced hyperprolactinemia. 2018. https://www.mdedge.com/psychiatry/article/159114/schizophrenia-other-psychotic-disorders/strategies-managing-medication
18. Lucca JM. Galactorrhea Distressing Side Effects of Amisulpride. ARC J Pharm Sci. 2019;5(1). https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ajps/v5-i1/2.pdf
19. Brown B, Patti N, Rosenberger R, Rais T. Risperidone induced amenorrhea and galactorrhea in a case of an adolescent patient. Cogent Med. 2017 Jan 1;4(1):1328819.
20. Kukreti P. Rising Trend of Use of Antidepressants Induced Non- Puerperal Lactation: A Case Report. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016. http://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2016&volume=10&issue=6&page=VD01&issn=0973-709x&id=7928
21. Mishra S, Nath S, Mishra BR, Pattnaik JI. Euprolactinemic galactorrhea with paroxetine: Exploring the missing link. Indian J Psychol Med. 2019 Jul 1;41(4):395.
22. Jeet R. Effect of calcium channel blockers on the serum prolactin levels. 2015.
23. Osman N, Ismail A. The Impact of Hemodialysis on Serum Prolactin and Testosterone Level in CKD Male Patients. IOSR J Dent Med Sci. 2016 Feb 1;15:61–5.
24. Jindal N, Jain VK, Aggarwal S, Kaur S. Ipsilateral galactorrhea following zoster of the T4 dermatome. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol. 2014 Nov 1;80(6):540.
25. Shaid M, Korbonits M. Genetics of pituitary adenomas. Neurol India. 2017 May 1;65(3):577.
26. Damtie S, Biadgo B, Baynes HW, Ambachew S, Melak T, Asmelash D, et al. Chronic Kidney Disease and Associated Risk Factors Assessment among Diabetes Mellitus Patients at A Tertiary Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Ethiopia J Health Sci. 2018 Nov;28(6):691–700.
27. Hendriana Lestari Pradina -, Endang Rostiati -. GAMBARAN PENANGANAN EFEK SAMPING KB SUNTIK OLEH AKSEPTOR DI BPM APPI AMELIA BIBIS BANGUNJIWO KASIHAN BANTUL. 2014. http://repository.unjaya.ac.id/1998/

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