Diagnosis COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

Oleh :

Audric Albertus

Diagnosis COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) diawali dengan anamnesis risiko terpapar virus SARS-CoV-2, misalnya bepergian ke atau tinggal di daerah endemik, atau kontak dengan pasien terkonfirmasi. Gejala dan tanda COVID-19 terdiri dari asimtomatik, ringan, sedang, dan berat. Pemeriksaan baku emas COVID-19 adalah tes RT-PCR (real time polymerase chain reaction) dari sampel swab nasofaring dan orofaring.[1,6,8]

Anamnesis

Gejala pasien COVID-19 umumnya timbul setelah masa inkubasi 2–14 hari. Demam, lemas, dan batuk kering merupakan gejala COVID-19 yang paling sering ditemukan. Selain itu, beberapa pasien juga mengalami nyeri tenggorokan, mialgia, dispnea, batuk berdahak, dan gejala gastrointestinal seperti mual, muntah, dan diare.[3,11]

Referensi

1. Cascella M, Rajnik M, et al. Features, Evaluation, and Treatment of Coronavirus (COVID-19). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554776/
2. Sahin AR. 2019 Novel Virus corona (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature. Eurasian J Med Investig. 2020;4(1):1–7.
3. Guo Y-R, Cao Q-D, et al. The origin, transmission and clinical therapies on virus corona disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak - an update on the status. Mil Med Res. 2020;7(1):11.
4. World Health Organization. Laboratory testing for 2019 novel virus corona (2019-nCoV) in suspected human cases. 2020;2019(January):1–7.
5. Zhang J jin, Dong X, et al. Clinical characteristics of 140 patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Wuhan, China. Allergy Eur J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2020.
6. Burhan E, Susanto AD, et al. Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19: Edisi 4. 2022.
8. Cennimo DJ. Virus corona Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Medscape. April 2023. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500114-ove.
11. Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of virus corona disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020;(February):102433.
15. Wu C, Chen X, et al. Risk Factors Associated With Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients With Virus corona Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;1–10. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir. 2020;2600(20):30116.
16. Fang L, Karakiulakis G, Roth M. Are patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus at increased risk for COVID-19 infection? Lancet Respir. 2020;2600(20):30116.
17. Zhou F, Yu T, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan , China : a retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2020;6736(20):1–9.
20. WHO. Deteksi antigen dalam diagnosis infeksi SARS-CoV-2 menggunakan imunoasai cepat. 2020. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/searo/indonesia/covid19/deteksi-antigen-
21. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Ed. 5, Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2020. 1–214 hal.
22. WHO. Advice on the use of point-of-care immunodiagnostic tests for COVID-19. 2022. https://www.who.int/news-room/commentaries/detail/advice-on-the-use-of-point-of-care-immunodiagnostic-tests-for-covid-19
23. Kemenkes RI No. Hk.01.07/Menkes/4641/2021 tentang Panduan Pelaksanaan Pemeriksaan, Pelacakan, Karantina, dan Isolasi Dalam Rangka Percepatan Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Mei 2021. https://covid19.go.id/storage/app/media/Regulasi/2021/Mei/kmk-no-hk0107-menkes-46
24. Fan BE, Chong VCL, et al. Hematologic parameters in patients with COVID-19 infection. Am J Hematol. 2020;95(6):E131–4.
25. Salehi S, Abedi A, et al. Virus corona Disease 2019 (COVID-19): A Systematic Review of Imaging Findings in 919 Patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;(July):1–7.
26. Hosseiny M, Kooraki S, et al. Radiology Perspective of Virus corona Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2020;(214):1–5.
31. Rawat D, Roy A, et al. Vitamin C and COVID-19 treatment: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2021;15(6):102324. doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2021.102324
59. Jin M, Tong Q. Rhabdomyolysis as Potential Late Complication Associated with COVID-19. Emerg Infect Dis. 2020 Jul;26(7):1618-1620. doi: 10.3201/eid2607.200445. Epub 2020 Jun 21. PMID: 32197060; PMCID: PMC7323559.

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