Epidemiologi Gigitan Hewan

Oleh :

dr. Luthfi Saiful Arif

Epidemiologi gigitan hewan tergantung pada lokasi geografis, industrialisasi, dan faktor budaya. Jumlah kasus gigitan hewan turut dipengaruhi oleh budaya memelihara hewan di rumah dan pola vaksinasi hewan. Kasus gigitan hewan juga banyak ditemukan di daerah-daerah yang memiliki tingkat interaksi manusia dan hewan yang tinggi. Hewan dapat menjadi agresif ketika merasa terganggu terutama pada saat makan.[17,19]

Global

Data kesehatan menunjukan 2% populasi dunia mengalami luka gigitan setiap tahunnya. Kasus umumnya ditemukan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki. Insidensi gigitan hewan di Amerika Serikat diperkirakan mencapai 200 per 100.000 orang per tahun. Data menunjukan bahwa terdapat sekitar 400.000 kasus gigitan kucing, 4.5 juta kasus gigitan anjing setiap tahunnya.[4,22]

Referensi

1. Chen F, Liu Q, et al. Risk of human exposure to animal bites in China: a clinic-based cross-sectional study. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 2019 Sep 1;1452(1):78-87.
2. Maniscalco K, Edens MA. Animal bites. StatPearlsTreasure Island. 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK430852/
3. Khazaei S, Karami M, et al. Epidemiology of Animal Bites and Associated Factors with Delay in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis; A Cross-Sectional Study. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2018 Jul; 6(3): 239–244.
4. Bula-Rudas FJ, Olcott JL. Human and Animal Bites. Pediatr Rev. 2018; 39(10) 490-500
12. Garth AP. Animal Bites in Emergency Medicine. Medscape. 2021. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/768875-overview#a2
13. Saadi R, Oberman BS, Lighthall JG. Dog-bite–related craniofacial fractures among pediatric patients: a case series and review of literature. Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction. 2018 Dec;11(4):249-55.
14. Dendle C, Looke D. Management of mammalian bites. Australian family physician. 2009 Nov;38(11).
15. Jazkowska J, Krol M, et al. Capnocytophaga canimorsus - an underestimated danger after dog or cat bite - review of literature. Przegl Epidemiol.2016;70(2): 289-295
16. Brandenburg WE, Levandowski W, et al. Animal, Microbial, and Fungal Borne Skin Pathology in the Mountain Wilderness: A Review. Wilderness Environ Med. 2017 Jun;28(2):127-138
17. Salomão C, Nacima A, et al. Epidemiology, clinical features and risk factors for human rabies and animal bites during an outbreak of rabies in Maputo and Matola cities, Mozambique, 2014: Implications for public health interventions for rabies control. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017 Jul 24;11(7):e0005787.
18. Park JW, Kim DK, et al. Dog-bite injuries in Korea and risk factors for significant dog-bite injuries: A 6-year cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2019 Feb 21;14(2):e0210541
19. Rothe K, Tsokos M, Hendrick W. Animal and Human Bite Wounds. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2015; 112(25): 433–443.
20. Quirk JT. Non-fatal dog bite injuries in the U.S.A., 2005-2009. Public Health. 2012;126(4):300–302
21. Ghafouri M, Yaghubi M, et al. An Epidemiologic Study of Animal Bites in Bojnurd City 2005- 2011. J North Khorasan Univ Med Sci. 2015;7(1):123–31.
22. Murphy J, Qaisi M. Management of Human and Animal Bites. Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics. 2021 Aug 1;33(3):373-80.
23. Morosetti G, Toson M, Piffer C. Lukaons caused by animals in the Autonomous Province of South Tyrol in 2010: fact-finding for prevention. Vet Ital. 2013; 49(1):37-50
24. Kemkes. Hingga April 2023 ada 11 Kasus Kematian Karena Rabies, Segera ke Faskes jika Digigit Anjing!. 2023. https://sehatnegeriku.kemkes.go.id/baca/rilis-media/20230602/3343156/hingga-april-2023-ada-11-kasus-kematian-karena-rabies-segera-ke-faskes-jika-digigit-anjing/
25. KEMENKES RI. Buku saku petunjuk teknis penatalaksanaan kasus gigitan hewan penular rabies di indonesia. 2016
26. Golinko MS, Arslanian B, Williams JK. Characteristics of 1616 consecutive dog bite injuries at a single institution. Clinical pediatrics. 2017 Apr;56(4):316-25.
27. Heinze S, Feddersen-Petersen DK, et al. Deadly attacks by dogs on children. Current genesis and motivation for specific case reports and certain pathomorphological changes. Rechtsmedizin. 2014;24:37–41
28. Kaye AE, Belz JM, Kirschner RE. Pediatric dog bite injuries: a 5-year review of the experience at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124(2):551–558
29. Heitz C, Louzada GP, et al. Primary repair of a complex panfacial fracture by dog bite. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018 Apr;6(4).
30. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Rabies. https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/index.html

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